Safety Data Sheet Overview for Glacial Acetic Acid Chemical Properties and Handling Guidelines

Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for Glacial Acetic Acid

Introduction

Glacial acetic acid, a colorless liquid with a pungent odor, is a crucial reagent in various industrial and laboratory applications. It is widely utilized in the production of synthetic fibers, plastics, and food preservatives. However, due to its corrosive nature and potential health hazards, understanding its properties, handling procedures, and safety measures is essential.

Chemical Properties

Chemical Name Acetic Acid Formula C₂H₄O₂ Molecular Weight 60.05 g/mol CAS Number 64-19-7

Glacial acetic acid is characterized by its high purity (typically above 99.5%) and low freezing point (16.6°C), allowing it to remain liquid at room temperature in most conditions. Its high acidity (pKa ≈ 4.76) makes it a strong organic acid, capable of protonating various substrates.

Health Hazards

Exposure to glacial acetic acid can cause serious health issues. Inhalation can lead to respiratory tract irritation, coughing, and difficulty breathing, while skin contact may cause severe burns and irreversible tissue damage. Eye exposure is particularly dangerous and can result in permanent vision loss.

Symptoms of exposure may include

- Skin irritation and burns - Eye irritation, pain, and potential damage - Respiratory issues such as coughing and throat irritation - Nausea and gastrointestinal distress when ingested

When handling glacial acetic acid, it is vital to take appropriate safety precautions. The following measures should be adhered to

1. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Always wear suitable PPE, including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and lab coats. A face shield may be necessary when manipulating large quantities.

2. Ventilation Work in a well-ventilated area or under a fume hood to prevent the accumulation of vapors.

3. Storage Store glacial acetic acid in a cool, dry place away from incompatible substances like strong oxidizers and bases. Ensure that containers are tightly sealed and properly labeled.

4. Emergency Procedures Familiarize yourself with emergency procedures, including the locations of eyewash stations and safety showers. In the event of a spill, use appropriate absorbent materials and dispose of waste according to local regulations.

First Aid Measures

In the case of an incident involving glacial acetic acid, immediate action is critical

- Inhalation Move the person to fresh air. If symptoms persist, seek medical attention. - Skin Contact Rinse the affected area with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contaminated clothing and seek medical attention. - Eye Contact Rinse eyes immediately with water for 15 minutes and seek medical assistance. - Ingestion Do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth and seek medical help immediately.

Conclusion

Glacial acetic acid is a valuable chemical compound with numerous applications, but it poses significant health and safety risks. Understanding its properties, adhering to safety guidelines, and being prepared for emergencies are essential steps in ensuring safe handling in both industrial and laboratory environments. Always prioritize safety to prevent accidents and health issues associated with this corrosive substance.