cas number glacial acetic acid

Understanding Glacial Acetic Acid Composition, Uses, and Safety

Glacial acetic acid, known by its chemical formula CH₃COOH, is a colorless liquid that is widely recognized for its distinct sour taste and pungent smell. With a CAS number of 64-19-7, it is the pure, undiluted form of acetic acid, which is commonly found in vinegar at much lower concentrations. The term glacial refers to its ability to solidify into ice-like crystals at temperatures below 16.6 degrees Celsius (62 degrees Fahrenheit).

Glacial acetic acid is characterized by its high purity, containing at least 99% acetic acid. It possesses a boiling point of approximately 118 degrees Celsius (244 degrees Fahrenheit) and a melting point of about 16.6 degrees Celsius (62 F). This unique property of solidifying at low temperatures has lent it the name glacial. In addition to its physical properties, glacial acetic acid is also important in various chemical reactions due to its status as a weak acid, capable of donating protons (H⁺ ions) in solution.

Industrial and Laboratory Uses

Glacial acetic acid is an important industrial chemical with a wide array of applications. One of its primary uses is in the production of synthetic fibers, such as rayon and acetate. It plays a critical role in the manufacture of polyvinyl acetate (PVA) adhesives, which are widely used in wood, paper, and other materials. Additionally, glacial acetic acid is a key ingredient in the production of various chemicals, including acetic anhydride, which is an essential reagent in organic synthesis.

Moreover, glacial acetic acid serves as a solvent for various organic compounds and is utilized in laboratories for different chemical reactions, particularly in organic synthesis. Its ability to react with a wide range of substances also makes it a valuable reagent for esterification, where it reacts with alcohols to produce esters.

In the food industry, while glacial acetic acid itself is not directly used in food processing, its diluted form, as vinegar, is a common ingredient. Vinegar, containing about 4-8% acetic acid, is used for culinary purposes, adding flavor and acting as a preservative.

Safety and Handling Precautions

Despite its widespread use, glacial acetic acid is a hazardous substance that must be handled with care. It is classified as a corrosive substance, capable of causing severe burns upon contact with skin or eyes. Inhalation of vapors can lead to respiratory irritation, and ingestion can be harmful or even fatal. Therefore, it is essential to utilize appropriate safety equipment, including gloves, goggles, and respiratory protection, when handling glacial acetic acid.

Storage is another critical aspect of handling this chemical. Glacial acetic acid should be stored in a cool, well-ventilated area, away from oxidizing agents and bases, which can cause violent reactions. Proper labeling and compliance with local regulations concerning hazardous materials are vital to ensure safety in both industrial and laboratory settings.

Conclusion

Glacial acetic acid is a significant chemical with versatile applications across various industries. From manufacturing synthetic fibers to serving as a vital reagent in laboratories, its role cannot be overstated. However, due to its corrosive nature, it is crucial to prioritize safety and ensure proper handling procedures are followed. Whether in a commercial setting or a research environment, understanding the properties and hazards associated with glacial acetic acid is essential for leveraging its benefits while minimizing risks. As research and development in the chemical industry continue to advance, the importance of glacial acetic acid is likely to remain prominent, underscoring the need for further study and safe practices.