cas number glacial acetic acid

Glacial Acetic Acid A Comprehensive Overview

Glacial acetic acid, identified by its CAS number 64-19-7, is a colorless, transparent liquid with a sharp, pungent odor. It is a key organic compound and a vital reagent in various industrial and laboratory applications. As one of the simplest carboxylic acids, it plays an essential role in the chemical industry, particularly in the production of various chemical compounds.

Chemical Properties and Structure

The molecular formula of glacial acetic acid is C2H4O2, which consists of two carbon atoms, four hydrogen atoms, and two oxygen atoms. Its structure features a carboxyl group (-COOH) that defines its acidic properties. The term glacial refers to its ability to solidify into a crystalline structure when cooled below 16.6°C (62°F), resembling ice, hence the name. This unique property differentiates it from dilute forms of acetic acid, which are commonly found in household vinegar.

Production and Industrial Use

Glacial acetic acid is primarily produced through two main processes the carbonylation of methanol and the oxidation of acetaldehyde. The synthesis from methanol involves a reaction under high pressure and temperature with carbon monoxide, resulting in the formation of acetic acid. In contrast, the oxidation of acetaldehyde provides an alternative route for production.

In industry, glacial acetic acid serves as a building block for synthesizing a wide range of chemicals. It is extensively used in the manufacture of acetic anhydride, acetate esters, and various synthetic fibers, including nylon and polyester. Additionally, it plays a critical role in the production of plastics, food preservatives, and pharmaceuticals.

One of the most common applications of glacial acetic acid is in the food industry as a preservative and flavoring agent. Acetic acid is recognized for its antimicrobial properties, making it effective in prolonging the shelf life of food products. The compound is also used in the food industry to produce sodium acetate, which is commonly used as a seasoning agent.

In the realm of textiles and dyes, glacial acetic acid is employed in dyeing processes to ensure vibrant color retention. Furthermore, it is utilized in the synthesis of various agrochemicals, reflecting its importance in agriculture for producing herbicides and insecticides.

Health and Safety Considerations

While glacial acetic acid is widely used, it is essential to acknowledge the safety precautions required when handling this chemical. It is classified as a hazardous substance, and exposure can lead to skin burns and respiratory issues. Therefore, appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gloves and goggles, should always be worn during its handling. Adequate ventilation is also crucial to mitigate inhalation risks.

Conclusion

Glacial acetic acid is undeniably a versatile and essential chemical with a myriad of applications across various industries. Its unique properties enable its widespread use, from food preservation to industrial manufacturing. As the demand for this compound continues to grow, understanding its functionalities, safety measures, and potential applications remains crucial for professionals dealing with this important chemical. Whether in laboratories or factories, glacial acetic acid will continue to play a significant role in advancing chemical processes and products.